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🌎 Exoplanets

Overview

An exoplanet is a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun. The first confirmed exoplanet around a sun-like star was discovered in 1995; today more than 5,700 have been confirmed. The Kepler and TESS missions revealed that planets are the rule, not the exception.

Key facts

  • Confirmed exoplanets (2024): 5,700+
  • First discovered around a sun-like star: 51 Pegasi b (1995)
  • Detection methods: transit, radial velocity, direct imaging, microlensing
  • Closest exoplanet: Proxima Centauri b, 4.24 light-years
  • Habitable-zone candidates: dozens known

Why it matters

Exoplanet research is how we place our Solar System — and Earth itself — in cosmic context. Are Earth-like planets common? Do they have magnetic fields and atmospheres like ours? These questions drive JWST and future missions.

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Frequently asked questions

Can we see exoplanets directly?

Very rarely. Most are found indirectly — by the tiny dip in starlight when they transit their star, or the tiny wobble they induce in the star's motion. JWST has directly imaged a small number.

Is there another Earth?

Not yet confirmed. Several rocky planets in habitable zones (Kepler-452b, TRAPPIST-1e, Proxima b) are candidates, but we don't yet know whether they have Earth-like atmospheres or water.

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